![]() The Nature of Functionalism in Social Science. In cases when these functions are not fulfilled, dysfunction occurs, threatening social stability and society as a whole. As a social institution, the educational system is represented by a variety of manifest and latent functions, including the transmission of culture and knowledge, socialization, generation gap establishment, and skill acquisition. In summary, the structural functionalism school strives to describe social institutions and phenomena from the point of view of their functions in society. Absenteeism, antisocial behavior, hostility towards teachers and other students, and failure to find employment after completing the education are also examples of dysfunction. For instance, students consistently getting bad grades and failing to graduate is a dysfunction of education as a process. Within the educational system, adverse outcomes for individual students and students as a group can be viewed as dysfunctions. In social structuralism, dysfunction is an outcome that disrupts social stability (Majumdar, 2021). However, they are not always realized, and the failure of a process to produce both intended and unintentional consequences beneficial for society is a dysfunction. Manifest and latent functions of a system being achieved should be considered the ideal outcome for society. Thus, education as a social process educates students and prepares them for a life in society in a variety of ways. For example, time management and teamwork skills developed in school are the latent functions of the educational system. In addition, numerous skills acquired at an educational institution can be viewed as latent functions of formal education. It can be contended that through daily communication of students of the same age, peer groups are established, contributing to developing a generation gap characterized by the establishment of new behavioral norms and new beliefs. The educational system has various unintended outcomes of its operation in society. ![]() Thus, a latent function is an unintended outcome of a social feature or process that is not widely recognized or acknowledged by its members (Taylor, Taylor-Neu, & Butterwick, 2018). However, they can also present unintended functions that are not always apparent to the system’s participants. ![]() Social processes and institutions are often designed to benefit society intentionally. Overall, the educational system is characterized by manifest functions aimed at preparing students to be functional members of society. It can be argued that the socialization of students and their ability to secure and improve their standing in society or social mobility also present crucial manifest functions of education. The leading expected outcome is the transmission of knowledge and society’s culture, customs, and traditions to the next generation. There are several manifest functions associated with formal education. The manifest function can also be viewed as the expected outcome of engagement in the system or process. It can be defined as an intended and expected consequence widely recognized by all participants in the system (Taylor, Taylor-Neu, & Butterwick, 2018). Saylor Academy®, ®, and Harnessing Technology to Make Education Free® are trade names of the Constitution Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization through which our educational activities are conducted. ![]() ![]() A Chronology provides students with historical perspective on the sociology of education.The manifest function is the primary function of a feature or process in society. A thematic “Reader's Guide” groups related articles by broad topic areas as one handy search feature on the e-Reference platform, which also includes a comprehensive index of search terms, facilitating ease of use by both on-campus students and distance learners. Cross-References and Suggestions for Further Reading guide readers to additional resources. Despite an abundance of textbooks and specialized monographs, there are few up-to-date reference works in this area.ģ35 signed entries fill 2 volumes in print and electronic formats, providing the most comprehensive reference resource available on this topic. The roles of schools, the social processes governing schooling, and impacts on society are all critically explored. Functionalists view education as one of the more important social institutions in a society. Sociology of Education: An A-to-Z Guide introduces students to the social constructions of our educational systems and their many players, including students and their peers, teachers, parents, the broader community, politicians and policy makers. The field draws contributions from education, sociology, human development, family studies, economics, politics and public policy. The sociology of education is a rich interdisciplinary field that studies schools as their own social world as well as their place within the larger society. ![]()
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